Pregnancy
Heartburn in pregnancy
Progesterone relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter; later, the growing uterus increases abdominal pressure. Most pregnant people experience some reflux; third-trimester is peak.
Key points
- ✓Slippery elm lozenges coat the esophagus and are safe throughout pregnancy
- ✓Marshmallow root cold infusion is a gentle demulcent
- ✓Peppermint (tea or oil) can worsen reflux by relaxing the LES further — avoid
- ✓Raise head of bed 6-8 inches; don't lie flat for 2-3 hours after eating
- ✓Calcium-carbonate antacids (Tums) are pregnancy-safe first-line
Supportive herbs
Avoid for this population
Lifestyle & diet
Smaller meals, avoid trigger foods (citrus, tomato, chocolate, spicy, fatty), don't recline for 2+ hours after eating, loose clothing at the waist.
When to see a clinician
Severe persistent reflux, difficulty swallowing, unintended weight loss, or signs of preeclampsia (headache + visual changes + epigastric pain) — the last can mimic severe heartburn but is an emergency.